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dc.rights.license© ESO 2019-
dc.contributor.authorYan, F.-
dc.contributor.authorCasasayas Barris, N.-
dc.contributor.authorMolaverdikhani, K.-
dc.contributor.authorAlonso Floriano, F. J.-
dc.contributor.authorReiners, A.-
dc.contributor.authorPallé, E.-
dc.contributor.authorHenning, T.-
dc.contributor.authorMollière, P.-
dc.contributor.authorChen, G.-
dc.contributor.authorNortmann, L.-
dc.contributor.authorSnellen, I. A. G.-
dc.contributor.authorRibas, I.-
dc.contributor.authorQuirrenbach, A.-
dc.contributor.authorCaballero, J. A.-
dc.contributor.authorAmado, P. J.-
dc.contributor.authorAzzaro, M.-
dc.contributor.authorBauer, F. F.-
dc.contributor.authorCortés Contreras, M.-
dc.contributor.authorCzesla, S.-
dc.contributor.authorKhalafinejad, S.-
dc.contributor.authorLara, L. M.-
dc.contributor.authorLópez Puertas, M.-
dc.contributor.authorMontes, D.-
dc.contributor.authorNagel, E.-
dc.contributor.authorOshagh, M.-
dc.contributor.authorSánchez López, A.-
dc.contributor.authorStrangret, M.-
dc.contributor.authorZechmeister, M.-
dc.contributor.otherUnidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737-
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-13T13:59:14Z-
dc.date.available2021-04-13T13:59:14Z-
dc.date.issued2019-12-05-
dc.identifier.citationAstronomy and Astrophysics 632: A69(2019)es
dc.identifier.issn0004-6361-
dc.identifier.otherhttps://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2019/12/aa36396-19/aa36396-19.html-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/318-
dc.descriptionThe reduced transmission spectrum is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/632/A69es
dc.description.abstractUltra-hot Jupiters are emerging as a new class of exoplanets. Studying their chemical compositions and temperature structures will improve our understanding of their mass loss rate as well as their formation and evolution. We present the detection of ionized calcium in the two hottest giant exoplanets - KELT-9b and WASP-33b. By using transit datasets from CARMENES and HARPS-N observations, we achieved high-confidence-level detections of Ca II using the cross-correlation method. We further obtain the transmission spectra around the individual lines of the Ca II H&K doublet and the near-infrared triplet, and measure their line profiles. The Ca II H&K lines have an average line depth of 2.02 +/- 0.17% (effective radius of 1.56 R-p) for WASP-33b and an average line depth of 0.78 +/- 0.04% (effective radius of 1.47 R-p) for KELT-9b, which indicates that the absorptions are from very high upper-atmosphere layers close to the planetary Roche lobes. The observed Ca II lines are significantly deeper than the predicted values from the hydrostatic models. Such a discrepancy is probably a result of hydrodynamic outflow that transports a significant amount of Ca II into the upper atmosphere. The prominent Ca II detection with the lack of significant Ca I detection implies that calcium is mostly ionized in the upper atmospheres of the two planets.es
dc.description.sponsorshipWe are grateful to the anonymous referee for his/her report. F.Y. acknowledges the support of the DFG priority program SPP 1992 "Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets (RE 1664/16-1)". CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 "Blue Planets around Red Stars", the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. Based on data from the CARMENES data archive at CAB (INTA-CSIC). This work is based on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated on the island of La Palma by the Fundacion Galileo Galilei of the INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. P.M. and I.S. acknowledge support from the European 82 Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 694513 ; With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737).es
dc.language.isoenges
dc.publisherEDP Scienceses
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationales
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectPlanets and satellites: atmosphereses
dc.subjectTechniques: spectroscopices
dc.subjectPlanets and satellites: individual: WASP-33bes
dc.subjectPlanets and satellites: individual: KELT-9bes
dc.titleIonized calcium in the atmospheres of two ultra-hot exoplanets WASP-33b and KELT-9bes
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees
dc.contributor.orcidChen, G. [0000-0003-0740-5433]-
dc.contributor.orcidRibas, I. [0000-0002-6689-0312]-
dc.contributor.orcidMontes, D. [0000-0002-7779-238X]-
dc.contributor.orcidYan, F. [0000-0001-9585-9034]-
dc.contributor.orcidMolaverdikhani, K. [0000-0002-0502-0428]-
dc.contributor.orcidMolliere, P. [0000-0003-4096-7067]-
dc.contributor.orcidLara, L. M. [0000-0002-7184-920X]-
dc.contributor.orcidNagel, E. [0000-0002-4019-3631]-
dc.contributor.orcidAmado, P. J. [0000-0002-8388-6040]-
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936396-
dc.identifier.e-issn1432-0746-
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Research Council (ERC)-
dc.contributor.funderDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer reviewes
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion-
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess-
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501-
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/694513-
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