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dc.rights.license© ESO 2020-
dc.contributor.advisorAgenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)-
dc.contributor.authorGuilluy, G.-
dc.contributor.authorAndretta, V.-
dc.contributor.authorBorsa, F.-
dc.contributor.authorGiacobbe, P.-
dc.contributor.authorSozzetti, A.-
dc.contributor.authorCovino, E.-
dc.contributor.authorBourrier, V.-
dc.contributor.authorFossati, L.-
dc.contributor.authorBonomo, A. S.-
dc.contributor.authorEsposito, M.-
dc.contributor.authorGiampapa, M. S.-
dc.contributor.authorHarutyunyan, A.-
dc.contributor.authorRainer, M.-
dc.contributor.authorBrogi, M.-
dc.contributor.authorBruno, G.-
dc.contributor.authorClaudi, R.-
dc.contributor.authorFrustagli, G.-
dc.contributor.authorLanza, A. F.-
dc.contributor.authorMancini, L.-
dc.contributor.authorPino, L.-
dc.contributor.authorPoretti, E.-
dc.contributor.authorScandariato, G.-
dc.contributor.authorAffer, L.-
dc.contributor.authorBaffa, C.-
dc.contributor.authorBaruffolo, A.-
dc.contributor.authorBenatti, S.-
dc.contributor.authorBiazzo, K.-
dc.contributor.authorBignamini, A.-
dc.contributor.authorBoschin, W.-
dc.contributor.authorCarleo, I.-
dc.contributor.authorCecconi, M.-
dc.contributor.authorCosentino, R.-
dc.contributor.authorDamasso, M.-
dc.contributor.authorDesidera, S.-
dc.contributor.authorFalcini, G.-
dc.contributor.authorMartínez Fiorenzano, A. F.-
dc.contributor.authorGhedina, A.-
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Álvarez, E.-
dc.contributor.authorGuerra, J.-
dc.contributor.authorHernández, N.-
dc.contributor.authorLeto, G.-
dc.contributor.authorMaggio, A.-
dc.contributor.authorMalavolta, L.-
dc.contributor.authorMaldonado, J.-
dc.contributor.authorMicela, G.-
dc.contributor.authorMolinari, E.-
dc.contributor.authorNascimbeni, V.-
dc.contributor.authorPagano, I.-
dc.contributor.authorPedani, M.-
dc.contributor.authorPiotto, G.-
dc.contributor.authorReiners, A.-
dc.contributor.otherUnidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737-
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-13T13:09:58Z-
dc.date.available2021-04-13T13:09:58Z-
dc.date.issued2020-07-07-
dc.identifier.citationAstronomy and Astrophysics 639: A49(2020)es
dc.identifier.issn0004-6361-
dc.identifier.otherhttps://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/07/aa37644-20/aa37644-20.html-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/298-
dc.descriptionBased on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated by the Fundación Galileo Galilei (FGG) of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain).es
dc.description.abstractContext. Exoplanets orbiting very close to their parent star are strongly irradiated. This can lead the upper atmospheric layers to expand and evaporate into space. The metastable helium (He I) triplet at 1083.3 nm has recently been shown to be a powerful diagnostic to probe extended and escaping exoplanetary atmospheres. Aims. We perform high-resolution transmission spectroscopy of the transiting hot Jupiter HD 189733 b with the GIARPS (GIANO-B + HARPS-N) observing mode of the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, taking advantage of the simultaneous optical+near infrared spectral coverage to detect He I in the planet’s extended atmosphere and to gauge the impact of stellar magnetic activity on the planetary absorption signal. Methods. Observations were performed during five transit events of HD 189733 b. By comparison of the in-transit and out-of-transit GIANO-B observations, we computed high-resolution transmission spectra. We then used them to perform equivalent width measurements and carry out light-curves analyses in order to consistently gauge the excess in-transit absorption in correspondence with the He I triplet. Results. We spectrally resolve the He I triplet and detect an absorption signal during all five transits. The mean in-transit absorption depth amounts to 0.75 ± 0.03% (25σ) in the core of the strongest helium triplet component. We detect night-to-night variations in the He I absorption signal likely due to the transit events occurring in the presence of stellar surface inhomogeneities. We evaluate the impact of stellar-activity pseudo-signals on the true planetary absorption using a comparative analysis of the He I 1083.3 nm (in the near-infrared) and the Hα (in the visible) lines. Using a 3D atmospheric code, we interpret the time series of the He I absorption lines in the three nights not affected by stellar contamination, which exhibit a mean in-transit absorption depth of 0.77 ± 0.04% (19σ) in full agreement with the one derived from the full dataset. In agreement with previous results, our simulations suggest that the helium layers only fill part of the Roche lobe. Observations can be explained with a thermosphere heated to ~12 000 K, expanding up to ~1.2 planetary radii, and losing ~1 g s−1 of metastable helium. Conclusions. Our results reinforce the importance of simultaneous optical plus near infrared monitoring when performing high-resolution transmission spectroscopy of the extended and escaping atmospheres of hot planets in the presence of stellar activity.es
dc.description.sponsorshipWe want to thank the anonymous referee for the constructive comments which helped to improve the quality of the manuscript. We acknowledge support by INAF/Frontiera through the "Progetti Premiali" funding scheme of the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research. G.G. acknowledges the financial support of the 2017 PhD fellowship programme of INAF. P.G. gratefully acknowledges support from the Italian Space Agency (ASI) under contract 2018-24-HH.0. F.B. acknowledges financial support from INAF through the ASI-INAF contract 2015-019-R0. V.B. acknowledges support by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) in the frame of the National Centre for Competence in Research "PlanetS". This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project Four Aces, grant agreement no. 724427; project Exo-Atmos grant agreement no. 679633). M.E. acknowledges the support of the DFG priority programme SPP 1992 "Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets" (HA 3279/12-1); With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737).es
dc.language.isoenges
dc.publisherEDP Scienceses
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationales
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/-
dc.subjectPlanets and satellites: atmosphereses
dc.subjectPlanets and satellites: fundamental parameterses
dc.subjectTechniques: spectroscopices
dc.subjectPlanets and satellites: individual: HD 189733 bes
dc.subjectStars: activityes
dc.titleThe GAPS programme at TNG XXII. The GIARPS view of the extended helium atmosphere of HD 189733 b accounting for stellar activityes
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees
dc.contributor.orcidClaudi, R. [orcid.org/0000-0001-7707-5105]-
dc.contributor.orcidLeto, G. [orcid.org/0000-0002-0040-5011]-
dc.contributor.orcidGhedina, A. [orcid.org/0000-0003-4702-5152]-
dc.contributor.orcidPino, L. [orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-8856]-
dc.contributor.orcidDamaso, M. [orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-4278]-
dc.contributor.orcidCosentino, R. [orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-1431]-
dc.identifier.doi10.1051/0004-6361/202037644-
dc.identifier.e-issn1432-0746-
dc.contributor.funderIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-
dc.contributor.funderSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)-
dc.contributor.funderEuropean Research Council (ERC)-
dc.contributor.funderDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-
dc.description.peerreviewedPeer reviewes
dc.identifier.funderhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005184-
dc.identifier.funderhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003981-
dc.identifier.funderhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711-
dc.identifier.funderhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781-
dc.identifier.funderhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659-
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion-
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess-
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501-
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/679633-
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/724427-
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