Persona: Parrondo, María Concepción
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Publicación Acceso Abierto Arctic ozone loss in threshold conditions: Match observations in 1997/1998 and 1998/1999(American Geophysical Union, 2001-04-01) Schulz, Astrid; Rex, Markus; Harris, Neil R. P.; Braathen, Geir O.; Reimer, E.; Alfier, R.; Kilbane Dawe, Iarla; Eckermann, Stephen; Allaart, Marc; Alpers, Matthias; Bojkov, B; Cisneros Sanchiz, Juan María; Claude, H.; Cuevas Agulló, Emilio; Davies, Jonathan; Backer, Hugo de; Dier, Horst; Dorokhov, Valery; Fast, Hans; Godin, Sophie; Johnson, B. J.; Kois, Bogumil; Kondo, Yutaka; Kosmidis, Evangelos; Kyrö, Esko; Litynska, Z.; Mikkelsen, I. S.; Molyneux, M. J.; Murphy, Gerry; Nagai, T.; Nakane, Hideaki; O'Connor, Fiona M.; Parrondo, María Concepción; Schmidlin, Frank J.; Skrivánková, Pavla; Varotsos, Costas; Vialle, C.; Viatte, P.; Yushkov, Vladimir; Zerefos, Christos S.; Gathen, Peter von der; European Commission (EC)Chemical ozone loss rates inside the Arctic polar vortex were determined in early 1998 and early 1999 by using the Match technique based on coordinated ozonesonde measurements. These two winters provide the only opportunities in recent years to investigate chemical ozone loss in a warm Arctic vortex under threshold conditions, i.e., where the preconditions for chlorine activation, and hence ozone destruction, only occurred occasionally. In 1998, results were obtained in January and February between 410 and 520 K. The overall ozone loss was observed to be largely insignificant, with the exception of late February, when those air parcels exposed to temperatures below 195 K were affected by chemical ozone loss. In 1999, results are confined to the 475 K isentropic level, where no significant ozone loss was observed. Average temperatures were some 8°–10° higher than those in 1995, 1996, and 1997, when substantial chemical ozone loss occurred. The results underline the strong dependence of the chemical ozone loss on the stratospheric temperatures. This study shows that enhanced chlorine alone does not provide a sufficient condition for ozone loss. The evolution of stratospheric temperatures over the next decade will be the determining factor for the amount of wintertime chemical ozone loss in the Arctic stratosphere.Publicación Acceso Abierto Match observations in the Arctic winter 1996/97: High stratospheric ozone loss rates correlate with low temperatures deep inside the polar vortex(American Geophysical Union, 2020-01-15) Schulz, Astrid; Rex, Markus; Steger, J.; Harris, Neil R. P.; Braathen, Geir O.; Reimer, E.; Alfier, R.; Beck, A.; Alpers, Matthias; Cisneros Sanchiz, Juan María; Claude, H.; De Backer, Hugo; Dier, Horst; Dorokhov, Valery; Fast, Hans; Godin, Sophie; Hansen, Georg; Kanzawa, Hiroshi; Kois, Bogumil; Kondo, Yutaka; Kosmidis, Evangelos; Kyrö, Esko; Litynska, Z.; Molyneux, M. J.; Murphy, Gerry; Nakane, Hideaki; Parrondo, María Concepción; Ravegnani, Fabrizio; Varotsos, Costas; Vialle, C.; Viatte, P.; Yushkov, Vladimir; Zerefos, Christos S.; Gathen, Peter von derWith the Match technique, which is based on the coordinated release of ozonesondes, chemical ozone loss rates in the Arctic stratospheric vortex in early 1997 have been quantified in a vertical region between 400 K and 550 K. Ozone destruction was observed from mid February to mid March in most of these levels, with maximum loss rates between 25 and 45ppbv/day. The vortex averaged loss rates and the accumulated vertically integrated ozone loss have been smaller than in the previous two winters, indicating that the record low ozone columns observed in spring 1997 were partly caused by dynamical effects. The observed ozone loss is inhomogeneous through the vortex with the highest loss rates located in the vortex centre, coinciding with the lowest temperatures. Here the loss rates per sunlit hour reached 6 ppbv/h, while the corresponding vortex averaged rates did not exceed 3.9 ppbv/h.Publicación Restringido Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) instrument to study the Martian magnetic environment from the surface: expected scientific return(Springer Link, 2023-08-15) Díaz Michelena, Marina; Rivero Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel; Fernández Romero, S.; Adeli, Solmaz; Oliveira, Joana S.; Henrich, Clara; Aspás, Alberto; Parrondo, María Concepción; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA); Centros de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, BARCELONA SUPERCOMPUTING CENTER (BSC), SEV2015-0493The ExoMars programme has the objective to answer to the question of whether life ever existed on Mars. The second mission comprising the Rosalind Franklin rover and Kazachok Surface Platform was designed to focus specifically on the characterization of the environmental parameters which can play an important role for the existence of life on the surface of the planet. One of these parameters is the magnetic field because of its ability of shielding the solar and cosmic radiation. For such characterization, the scientific suite of the Surface Platform counts with two instruments: the Anisotropic MagnetoResistance (AMR) and the MArtIan Ground ElectromagneTic (MAIGRET) instruments. The AMR goal is to characterize both the surface and subsurface and the time-varying magnetic fields, related to the crustal and the external fields respectively, at the ExoMars landing site in Oxia Planum. The operation to achieve these goals includes two phases, the first phase corresponding to the lander descent and the second phase in which the instrument is deployed on the surface. In this work, we simulate the first operations phase using synthetic magnetic field models, assuming that the different crustal units at the landing site might be magnetized. We also perform measurements in our laboratory to simulate the second phase operation of the instrument on the Martian surface. We discuss the capability of interpretation of the instrument, based on the available information of the landing site and the results from our models.Publicación Acceso Abierto Mid-winter lower stratosphere temperatures in the Antarctic vortex: comparison between observations and ECMWF and NCEP operational models(EGU European Geosciences Union, 2007-01-24) Parrondo, María Concepción; Yela González, Margarita; Gil, M.; Von der Gathen, P.; Ochoa, H.Radiosonde temperature profiles from Belgrano (78° S) and other Antarctic stations have been compared with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational analyses during the winter of 2003. Results show good agreement between radiosondes and NCEP and a bias in the ECMWF model which is height and temperature dependent, being up to 3°C too cold at 80 and 25–30 hPa, and hence resulting in an overestimation of the predicted potential PSC areas. Here we show the results of the comparison and discuss the potential implications that this bias might have on the ozone depletion computed by Chemical Transport Models based on ECMWF temperature fields, after rejecting the possibility of a bias in the sondes at extreme low temperatures.Publicación Acceso Abierto Chemical depletion of Arctic ozone in winter 1999/2000(American Geophysical Union, 2002-09-20) Rex, Markus; Salawitch, R. J.; Harris, Neil R. P.; Gathen, Peter von der; Braathen, Geir O.; Schulz, Astrid; Deckelmann, H.; Chipperfield, M.; Sinnhuber, B. M.; Reimer, E.; Alfier, R.; Bevilacqua, R.; Hoppel, K.; Fromm, M.; Lumpe, J.; Küllmann, H.; Kleinböhl, A.; Bremer, H.; Von König, M.; Künzi, K.; Toohey, D.; Vömel, H.; Richard, E.; Aikin, K.; Jost, H.; Greenblatt, J. B.; Loewenstein, M.; Podolske, J. R.; Webster, Christopher R.; Flesch, Gregory J.; Scott, D. C.; Herman, R. L.; Elkins, J. W.; Ray, E. A.; Moore, F. L.; Hurst, D. F.; Romashkin, P.; Toon, G. C.; Sen, B.; Margitan, J. J.; Wennberg, P.; Neuber, R.; Allart, M.; Bojkov, B. R.; Claude, H.; Davies, Jonathan; Davies, W.; De Backer, H.; Dier, Horst; Dorokhov, Valery; Fast, H.; Kondo, Yutaka; Kyrö, E.; Litynska, Z.; Mikkelsen, I. S.; Molyneux, M. J.; Moran, E.; Nagai, T.; H. Nakane; Parrondo, María Concepción; Ravegnani, Fabrizio; Skrivánková, Pavla; Viatte, P.; Yushkov, Vladimir; European Commission (EC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)[1] During Arctic winters with a cold, stable stratospheric circulation, reactions on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) lead to elevated abundances of chlorine monoxide (ClO) that, in the presence of sunlight, destroy ozone. Here we show that PSCs were more widespread during the 1999/2000 Arctic winter than for any other Arctic winter in the past two decades. We have used three fundamentally different approaches to derive the degree of chemical ozone loss from ozonesonde, balloon, aircraft, and satellite instruments. We show that the ozone losses derived from these different instruments and approaches agree very well, resulting in a high level of confidence in the results. Chemical processes led to a 70% reduction of ozone for a region ∼1 km thick of the lower stratosphere, the largest degree of local loss ever reported for the Arctic. The Match analysis of ozonesonde data shows that the accumulated chemical loss of ozone inside the Arctic vortex totaled 117 ± 14 Dobson units (DU) by the end of winter. This loss, combined with dynamical redistribution of air parcels, resulted in a 88 ± 13 DU reduction in total column ozone compared to the amount that would have been present in the absence of any chemical loss. The chemical loss of ozone throughout the winter was nearly balanced by dynamical resupply of ozone to the vortex, resulting in a relatively constant value of total ozone of 340 ± 50 DU between early January and late March. This observation of nearly constant total ozone in the Arctic vortex is in contrast to the increase of total column ozone between January and March that is observed during most years.Publicación Acceso Abierto A trajectory-based estimate of the tropospheric ozone column using the residual method(AGU Publishing, 2007-12-19) Schoeberl, M. R.; Ziemke, J. R.; Bojkov, B.; Livesey, N.; Duncan, B.; Strahan, S.; Froidevaux, L.; Kulawik, S.; Bhartia, P. K.; Chandra, S.; Levelt, P. F.; Witte, J. C.; Thompson, A. M.; Cuevas, E.; Redondas, A.; Tarasick, D. W.; Davies, J.; Bodeker, G.; Hansen, G.; Johnson, B. J.; Oltmans, S. J.; Vömel, H.; Allaart, M.; Kelder, H.; Newchurch, M.; Godin Beekmann, S.; Ancellet, G.; Claude, H.; Andersen, S. B.; Kyrö, E.; Parrondo, María Concepción; Yela González, Margarita; Zablocki, G.; Moore, D.; Dier, H.; Von der Gathen, P.; Viatte, P.; Stübi, R.; Calpini, B.; Skrivankova, P.; Dorokhov, V.; De Backer, H.; Schmidlin, F. J.; Coetzee, G.; Fujiwara, M.; Thouret, V.; Posny, F.; Morris, G.; Merrill, J.; Leong, C. P.; Koenig Langlo, G.; Joseph, E.[1] We estimate the tropospheric column ozone using a forward trajectory model to increase the horizontal resolution of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) derived stratospheric column ozone. Subtracting the MLS stratospheric column from Ozone Monitoring Instrument total column measurements gives the trajectory enhanced tropospheric ozone residual (TTOR). Because of different tropopause definitions, we validate the basic residual technique by computing the 200-hPa-to-surface column and comparing it to the same product from ozonesondes and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer measurements. Comparisons show good agreement in the tropics and reasonable agreement at middle latitudes, but there is a persistent low bias in the TTOR that may be due to a slight high bias in MLS stratospheric column. With the improved stratospheric column resolution, we note a strong correlation of extratropical tropospheric ozone column anomalies with probable troposphere-stratosphere exchange events or folds. The folds can be identified by their colocation with strong horizontal tropopause gradients. TTOR anomalies due to folds may be mistaken for pollution events since folds often occur in the Atlantic and Pacific pollution corridors. We also compare the 200-hPa-to-surface column with Global Modeling Initiative chemical model estimates of the same quantity. While the tropical comparisons are good, we note that chemical model variations in 200-hPa-to-surface column at middle latitudes are much smaller than seen in the TTOR.Publicación Acceso Abierto The September 2002 Antarctic vortex major warming as observed by visible spectroscopy and ozone soundings(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2005-08) Yela González, Margarita; Parrondo, María Concepción; Gil Moulet, Manuel; Rodríguez, S.; Araujo, J.; Ochoa, H.; Deferrari, Guillermo Alejandro; Diaz, Susana BeatrizThe record of O3 total column and NO2 obtained by visible spectroscopy at Ushuaia (55° S), Marambio (64° S) and Belgrano (78° S) and vertical ozone profiles from the latter station provide insight into the unprecedented major warming observed above Antarctica in the last week of September 2002. From 18 September to 25 September the temperature increased 54°C at the isentropic level of 700 K. The temperature anomaly was observed down to the level of 300 K in which a well-defined tropopause was established. From comparison of the ozone profiles before and during the event, it can be seen that a fast increase in O3 took place basically above 500 K, but the layer where the ozone hole occurs was barely affected. Low potential vorticity values above Belgrano occurred only at levels above 500 K, confirming that the vortex split was confined to heights above the layer of the Antarctic spring depletion. The signature of poleward-transported air is clearly visible from the NO2 column departure from the envelope of the previous years in all three stations. NO2 columns larger than typical for ozone hole conditions by 400% were observed at Belgrano. Diurnal variations provide evidence of non-denitrified extra-vortex air.Publicación Acceso Abierto Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2002/2003 determined with Match(EGU European Geosciences Union, 2006-07-10) Streibel, M.; Rex, M.; Von der Gathen, P.; Lehmann, R.; Harris, N. R. P.; Braathen, G. O.; Reimer, E.; Deckelmann, H.; Chipperfield, M.; Millard, G.; Allaart, M.; Andersen, S. B.; Claude, H.; Davies, J.; De Backer, H.; Dier, H.; Dorokov, V.; Fast, H.; Gerding, M.; Kyrö, E.; Litynska, Z.; Moore, D.; Moran, E.; Nagai, T.; Nakane, H.; Parrondo, María Concepción; Skrivankova, P.; Stübi, R.; Vaughan, G.; Viatte, P.; Yushkov, V.The Match technique was used to determine chemically induced ozone loss inside the stratospheric vortex during the Arctic winter 2002/2003. From end of November 2002, which is the earliest start of a Match campaign ever, until end of March 2003 approximately 800 ozonesondes were launched from 34 stations in the Arctic and mid latitudes. Ozone loss rates were quantified from the beginning of December until mid-March in the vertical region of 400–550 K potential temperature. In accordance with the occurrence of a large area of conditions favourable for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds in December ozone destruction rates varied between 10–15 ppbv/day depending on height. Maximum loss rates around 35 ppbv/day were reached during late January. Afterwards ozone loss rates decreased until mid-March when the final warming of the vortex began. In the period from 2 December 2002 to 16 March 2003 the accumulated ozone loss reduced the partial ozone column of 400–500 K potential temperature by 56±4 DU. This value is in good agreement with that inferred from the empirical relation of ozone loss against the volume of potential polar stratospheric clouds within the northern hemisphere. The sensitivity of the results on recent improvements of the approach has been tested.Publicación Acceso Abierto Arctic winter 2005: Implications for stratospheric ozone loss and climate change(AGU Publishing, 2006-12-08) Rex, M.; Salawitch, R. J.; Deckelmann, H.; Von der Gathen, P.; Harris, N. R. P.; Chipperfield, M. P.; Naujokat, B.; Reimer, E.; Allaart, M.; Andersen, S. B.; Bevilacqua, R.; Braathen, G. O.; Claude, H.; Davies, J.; De Backer, H.; Dier, H.; Dorokhov, V.; Fast, H.; Gerding, M.; Godin Beekmann, S.; Hoppel, K.; Johnson, B.; Kyrö, E.; Litynska, Z.; Moore, D.; Nakane, H.; Parrondo, María Concepción; Risley, A. D.; Skrivankova, P.; Stübi, R.; Viatte, P.; Yushkov, V.; Zerefos, C.[1] The Arctic polar vortex exhibited widespread regions of low temperatures during the winter of 2005, resulting in significant ozone depletion by chlorine and bromine species. We show that chemical loss of column ozone (ΔO3) and the volume of Arctic vortex air cold enough to support the existence of polar stratospheric clouds (VPSC) both exceed levels found for any other Arctic winter during the past 40 years. Cold conditions and ozone loss in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere (e.g., between potential temperatures of 360 to 400 K) were particularly unusual compared to previous years. Measurements indicate ΔO3 = 121 ± 20 DU and that ΔO3 versus VPSC lies along an extension of the compact, near linear relation observed for previous Arctic winters. The maximum value of VPSC during five to ten year intervals exhibits a steady, monotonic increase over the past four decades, indicating that the coldest Arctic winters have become significantly colder, and hence are more conducive to ozone depletion by anthropogenic halogens.Publicación Restringido OClO, NO2 and O3 total column observations over Iceland during the winter 1993/94(AGU Publishing, 1996-11-15) Gil, M.; Puentedura, O.; Yela González, Margarita; Parrondo, María Concepción; Jadhav, D. B.; Thorkelsson, B.Ground-based observation of OClO, NO2, and O3 columns by differential UV-Visible spectroscopy at twilight during the fall winter of 1993/94 at the sub-Arctic station of Reykjavik (64°N, 23°W) are presented. Results show no direct evidence of ozone depletion during the period but significant amounts of OClO were observed in December and January when NO2 abundances were at the annual minimum. NO2 columns are found to be controlled by the hours of light available but highly modulated by the lower stratosphere temperature. OClO was observed outside the vortex as well, but only at times when NO2 was low.
