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Microbial biogeography along a 2578 km transect on the East Antarctic Plateau
(Springer Nature, 2025-01) Parro, Víctor; Lezcano Vega, María Ángeles; Moreno Paz, Mercedes; Davila, Alfonso F.; Azua-Bustos, Armando; García Villadangos, Miriam; Wierzchos, Jacek; Fernández Martínez, Miguel Ángel; Larramendi, Ramón; Moreno, Hilo; Oficialdegui, Ignacio; Olivera, Manuel; Redondo Nieto, Miguel; Mustieles del Ser, Pedro; Potocki, Mariusz; Mayewski, Paul; González Herrero, Sergi; Justel, Ana; Quesada, Antonio; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)
Microorganisms are present in snow/ice of the Antarctic Plateau, but their biogeography and metabolic state under extreme local conditions are poorly understood. Here, we show the diversity and distribution of microorganisms in air (1.5 m height) and snow/ice down to 4 m depth at three distant latitudes along a 2578 km transect on the East Antarctic Plateau on board an environmentally friendly, mobile platform. Results demonstrate the widespread distribution of microorganisms in the ice down to at least 4 m depth. Data point to geochemical and bacterial geographic distribution that correlate with wind trajectory and speed, modulated by local gathering and recirculation of microorganisms through snow drifting. Reservoir effects and community selection appear to occur over time, favoring microorganisms best adapted to hypothermal and hyperarid conditions. A new cyanobacterial species (Gloeocapsopsis sp) was isolated from 3 to 4 m depth. Our findings suggest that some microorganisms could exhibit transient, basal metabolic activity when associated to high salt particles, contributing to set biodiversity patterns and biogeographic compartmentalization on Antarctic Plateau ice.
The Decorah impact structure (Iowa, USA): A case study for assessing target water depth and paleoenvironment for past marine target impacts in present-day non-marine locations
(Geological Society of America, 2025-12) Ormö, Jens; Sturkell, Erik; King, David T.
Reconstructing paleoenvironments—particularly aquatic ones—is essential for identifying potential habitats for life, both on early Earth and early Mars. Impact craters often serve as effective sediment traps that are relatively shielded from erosion. In aquatic settings—most commonly in shallow marine environments—where seafloor craters can form, the return flow of water during the early stages of crater modification can produce distinctive resurge deposits. Analyses of such deposits from drill cores at various marine-target impact structures, including the Decorah impact structure (Iowa, USA) examined in this study, reveal a direct correlation between average clast frequency per meter, impact event magnitude (i.e., projectile diameter), and the depth of the target water. If two of these parameters are known, the third can be inferred. In this study, we analyzed two drill cores obtained from the interior of the Decorah impact structure to gain insights into the paleoenvironment at the time of impact. Applying the aforementioned relationships yields an estimated target water depth of 40–90 m, thereby situating the Decorah impact structure paleoenvironment within a defined range of the ancient marine realm.
Libby–Fox perturbations and the semi-analytic adjoint solution for laminar viscous flow along a flat plate
(Cambridge University Press, 2026-10-10) Lozano, Carlos; Ponsin Roca, Jorge; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)
The properties of the solution to the adjoint two-dimensional boundary layer equations on a flat plate are investigated from the viewpoint of Libby–Fox theory, which describes the algebraic perturbations to the Blasius boundary layer. The adjoint solution is obtained from the Green’s function of the perturbation equation as a sum over the infinite perturbation modes of the Blasius solution. The explicit representation of the adjoint solution allows us to derive constraints on the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, explicitly compute the adjoint transpose convection term, and evaluate flow sensitivities for shape design, initial-value perturbations and active flow control. The extension of the analysis to the case with non-zero pressure gradient, corresponding to the Falkner–Skan solution, is also briefly discussed.
GATOS: Distinct Feedback Modes in AGN Central Regions Revealed by Spatially Resolved JWST Spectroscopy
(IOP Publishing, 2026-08-20) Zhang, Lulu; Packham, Christopher; Hicks, Erin K. S.; García Bernete, Ismael; Alonso-Herrero, Almudena; Davies, R. I.; Ward, Martin J.; Delaney, Daniel; Izumi, Takuma; Rigopoulou, Dimitra; Ramos Almeida, Cristina; González Martín, Omaira; Riffel, Rogemar A.; Ricci, Claudio; Villar Martín, Montserrat; Combes, Francoise; Pereira Santaella, Miguel; Hönig, Sebastian; Bunker, Andrew; Boorman, Peter; Bellocchi, Enrica; Levenson, Nancy A.; García-Burillo, Santiago; Donnan, Fergus; Audibert, Anelise; Fuller, Lindsay; Díaz Santos, Tanio; Rosario, David J.; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI); Comunidad de Madrid; European Commission (EC); Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
This Letter presents JWST MIRI/Medium-Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) observations of the central r ≈ 40–240 pc regions of five active galactic nuclei (AGN) spanning a wide range of luminosities (log Lbol/erg s−1 ≈ 39.8–43.8). Combining multiphase diagnostics from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), molecular hydrogen (H2), and ionized gas at spatial scales of ∼4–24 pc, this study presents a spatially resolved investigation into the effects of the two distinct AGN feedback modes—radiative and kinetic—on the surrounding medium. The results indicate that these two feedback modes, associated with AGN irradiation and shock processing, respectively, collectively drive the relative suppression of PAH emission in the nuclear regions of the targets studied here. Moreover, the coexistence of these two AGN feedback modes, especially the shock processing associated with either jets or outflows, in the central regions of AGN naturally explains both the bimodal distribution of PAH band ratios observed in the targets studied here and the seemingly disparate results reported in the literature. Although based on a limited sample, these findings provide new insights into calibrating star formation rates from PAH emission in AGN and, more importantly, lay the groundwork for a practical framework to diagnose and quantify AGN feedback in the JWST era.
