Persona: Plaza Gallardo, Borja
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Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
El Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial es el Organismo Público de Investigación (OPI) dependiente del Ministerio de Defensa. Además de realizar actividades de investigación científica y de desarrollo de sistemas y prototipos en su ámbito de conocimiento, presta servicios tecnológicos a empresas, universidades e instituciones.
El INTA está especializado en la investigación y el desarrollo tecnológico, de carácter dual, en los ámbitos de la Aeronáutica, Espacio, Hidrodinámica, Seguridad y Defensa.
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Publicación Restringido Modeling and Measuring the Shielding Effectiveness of Carbon Fiber Composites(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2019-10-25) Díaz Angulo, L. M.; Gómez de Francisco, Patricia; Plaza Gallardo, Borja; Poyatos Martinez, David; Ruiz Cabello Núñez, M. D.; Escot Bocanegra, D.; García, Salvador G.; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)We provide a model able to predict the shielding effectiveness (SE) of carbon fiber composite (CFC) panels made of stacked layers of conducting fibers. This model permits us to obtain simple formulas in which the only parameters needed are the sheet square resistance and the effective panel thickness. These tools let us predict a minimum SE, which always increases with the frequency and therefore constituting the worst case, from an electromagnetic shielding perspective. Consequently, the measurement of minimum SE requirements can be simply measured with a micro-ohmmeter using an specific experimental setup which is also described here. Additionally, this method allows to measure very high SE falling far beyond the dynamic range of the values measurable with the most commonly used standard, the ASTM D4935. After describing the modeling technique and the different test setups used, across-validation between theoretical and experimental results is made for four different samples of CFC; two designed to test the modeling assumptions and two which are representative of the ones nowadays used in a real aircraft.Publicación Restringido Indoor Measurement of Bistatic High Resolution Range Profiles of Scale Model Aircraft Targets(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2018-11-29) Escot Bocanegra, D.; Poyatos Martinez, David; Plaza Gallardo, Borja; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)Bistatic radar has been recently attracting again the attention of engineers and scientists due to a variety of reasons, including, for instance, the current developments in passive radar systems or the advantages that bistatic radar offer to detect stealth platforms. Under these circumstances, radar cross section (RCS) measurement facilities have to be able to evolve accordingly and provide bistatic measurement capability. This paper introduces BIANCHA, a multi-purpose testing facility, and demonstrates its applicability for this purpose by presenting results of the bistatic scattering analysis of scaled model aircraft targets.Publicación Acceso Abierto FS electromagnetic characterisation of a flexible and scalable X-band RAM(The Institution of Engeering and Technology, 2018-03-12) Aguirre, A.; Torres de Pedro, C.; Plaza Gallardo, Borja; Poyatos Martinez, David; Escot Bocanegra, D.; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM)Along the years, RADAR absorbing materials (RAM's) have been widely introduced in aeronautic applications and platforms. However, this kind of materials presents three main problems for certain applications when they are intended to be used in real operations. First, they must be scalable from a laboratory sample to actual size, at a reasonable cost. Second, they must be able to work without metal backing for applications in non-metallic vehicles or other objects which surface might not be flat. Indeed, they should also be flexible and surface adaptable. Finally, their absorbing properties against electromagnetic fields should be preferably characterised under real conditions, that is, in free space (FS), in order to design and fabricate an appropriate material for the intended application. In this study, a self-developed, low-cost, bilayer, X-band RAM, composed of a lower layer of polyaniline silicon rubber and a top layer of silicon rubber with graphite was characterised in a bistatic anechoic chamber called BIANCHA, and the results are presented, analysed and compared with software simulation and with the typical single polarisation waveguide measurement method, showing the adequacy of FS measurements for the development of this type of RAM.Publicación Restringido Limitations in the Measurement of the Shielding Effectiveness of Aeronautical Multi-ply CFC Laminates(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2019-10-17) Gómez de Francisco, Patricia; Poyatos Martinez, David; Plaza Gallardo, Borja; Escot Bocanegra, D.; Fernández Romero, S.; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)Modern aircraft employ profusely carbon fiber composites (CFC) for their construction. Then, it is mandatory to characterize the behaviour of this kind of materials for its use under harsh electromagnetic environments. In that sense, this paper presents the application of two standards, the ASTM D4935 and the IEC 61000-4-21, to the measurement of the shielding effectiveness (SE) of aeronautical multi-ply CFC laminates frequently used for the construction of aircraft. Each technique is well suited for a specific material or realization and a specific frequency range. So, both techniques are complementary and should be developed in parallel. Taking into account the high SE expected for this kind materials, the set-ups imply the measurement of very low signals, that poses an experimental challenge that has to be faced. Then, in this study, different test samples and realizations of CFC materials have been fabricated and measured. Improvements on the traditional measurement procedures have been applied, obtaining promising results.Publicación Restringido Limitations in the Shielding Effectiveness Measurement Methods for Carbon Fiber Composites(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021-04-12) Plaza Gallardo, Borja; Gómez de Francisco, Patricia; Fernández Romero, S.; Muñoz Rebate, I.; Ramos Somolinos, D.; Poyatos Martinez, David; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)Novel materials, as multi-ply carbon fiber composites (CFC), are increasingly used in the industry due to their outstanding mechanical properties in relation to their weight. In this regard, from the standpoint of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), shielding effectiveness (SE) is a key parameter that often determines the scope for application of a given material. This article addresses the application of two complementary standards, ASTM D4935 and IEC 61000-4-21, to the SE measurement of different CFC test samples with more than 10 layers and a very large expected shielding. The analysis of the limitations encountered and the description of applied improvements on the traditional measurement procedures on each method are also included, showing promising results. On the other hand, there are alternative methods to evaluate the SE of CFC based on their DC square resistance. Consequently, and forthe shake of completeness, a novel setup for high precision measurement of the DC square resistance of CFC samples is also described along the article.Publicación Restringido Design of a planetary protection cover for EMC testing of a spacial magnetic sensor(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2019-10-17) Fernández Romero, S.; Parrondo, María Concepción; Díaz Michelena, Marina; Muñóz Rebate, I.; León Calero, Marina; Martín Iglesias, Santiago; Plaza Gallardo, Borja; Escot Bocanegra, D.; Poyatos Martinez, David; Jiménez Lorenzo, María; López Sanz, Daniel; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)This paper explains the research process carried out for the development and manufacture of the planetary protection cover for carrying out the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests of the an-isotropic magneto-resistance (AMR) sensor of the ExoMars 2020 mission. This mission has strict bioburden requirements. The electromagnetic properties of several materials have been analyzed in order to study their transmission coefficient and the innovation of this project is the use of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology as manufacturing method. Additive manufacturing is presented as a promising technology in the field of radiofrequency since it can use a wide range of polymeric materials (thermoplastics) with low transmission coefficient. Observing the electromagnetic (EM) characterization results, it was decided to manufacture a protective cover using FDM technology, because it allows control over the grounding of the instrument and facilitates the integration, cleaning and protection against impacts during the manipulation, with great versatility and low cost. Finally, the cover has been verified during the acceptance EMC tests of the flight model AMR instrument.Publicación Restringido Coupling Analysis Under Ligthning Indirect Effects For Cable Bundles With Different Ground Plates In Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021-10-19) Ramos Somolinos, D.; Morales Blanco, C.; López Sanz, Daniel; Plaza Gallardo, Borja; Poyatos Martinez, David; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)It is increasingly common in aerospace industries to take advantage of novel composite materials in their manufacturing processes to improve performance and reduce costs. Obtaining the electromagnetic (EM) characterization of these materials or a combination of them is essential to ensure safety and EM compatibility.In this paper, a laminate of the central fuselage of an aircraft developed at INTA is recreated. This aircraft is called MILANO and it is mostly made of Carbon Fiber Composite (CFC). The same material is used for the laminate. Besides, another metallic plate is built in order to compare the performance of the former one with respect to a Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC). The main goal of this work is studying the coupling between the cable bundles embedded in the MILANO and how is this affected by the different materials of the ground plate (metal and CFC). Two kind of tests are carried out: S-parameters measurents and injection of Lightning Indirect Effect (LIE) waveforms. S-parameters results are then obtained through simulation too and compared with both the metallic and the CFC sample.Publicación Acceso Abierto CFD Study of Flow Field Velocities and 3D Effects over the MEXICO Wind Turbine Model(Science Publishin Group, 2017-12-13) Plaza Gallardo, Borja; Rafael, Bardera Mora; Visiedo Martínez, S.The deep understanding about wake field and 3D effects of wind turbines are still a challenge, due to the complexity of the three-dimensional flow which blades rotation produces. In this work an aerodynamic analysis about wind turbine model MEXICO is realized, firstly of axial distribution of velocities in several regions inside the streamtube and then some estimations of 3D effects, either lift coefficient augmentation or stall delay phenomenon. CFD-RANS simulations have been carried out at three different wind speeds, and results are compared to experimental data of the MEXICO project, from wind tunnel tests. Results show that axial and radial inductions are greater for outer sections and lower as wind speed increases, providing different wake configurations. As for the 3D effects, it is found that rotational augmentation appears firstly for inner part of the blade and they advance progressively towards span-wise direction as wind velocity grows. For inner section, at high wind speed, lift coefficient increase reaches to values of 50% over the corresponding 2D polar curve.Publicación Acceso Abierto Electromagnetic Characterization of Materials Through High Accuracy Free Space Measurements(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2021-04-26) Poyatos Martinez, David; Ramos Somolinos, D.; Plaza Gallardo, Borja; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)Aerospace or automotive industries employ novel composite or 3D printed materials in their manufacturing processes to improve performance and reduce costs. Obtaining the electromagnetic (EM) characterization of these materials or a combination of them is essential to ensure safety and EM compatibility. In this paper, the development of a test bench with rod antennas for measurements in free space is presented. A complete design is described, from simulation analysis to validation measurements. The aim is to achieve robust measurements which allow the EM characterization of very diverse samples and materials, and high accuracy results that make possible to know the exact EM behaviour of these materials.Publicación Restringido A subcell FDTD Scheme implementation for thin slot modeling(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2022-07-08) Cabello, M. R.; Martín Valverde, A. J.; Plaza Gallardo, Borja; Frövel, Malte; Poyatos Martinez, David; Rubio Bretones, Amelia; González García, S.; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); Junta de AndalucíaThe finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is not able to efficiently model thin features without a drastic reductions of the spatial mesh size, potentially yielding an unfeasible use of memory and CPU requirements. In this work we propose two stable and efficient techniques for dealing with thin apertures in FDTD, one based on conformal and one based on subgridding. These are compared, in two different scenarios, with the classical dispersive magnetic material approximation [DMMA] based on Gilbert-Holland's models.
