Persona: Mateo Marti, Eva
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Centro de Astrobiologia
El Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) es un centro mixto de investigación en astrobiología, dependiente tanto del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) como del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).
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Mateo Marti
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Eva
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Publicación Acceso Abierto Future space experiment platforms for astrobiology and astrochemistry research(npj Microgravity, 2023-06-12) Elsaesser, Andreas; Burr, David J.; Mabey, Paul; Urso, Riccardo Giovanni; Billi, Daniela; Cockell, Charles S.; Cottin, Hervé; Kish, Adrienne; Leys, Natalie; Van Loon, Jack J. W. A.; Mateo Marti, Eva; Moissl-Eichinger, Christine; Onofri, Silvano; Quinn, Richard C.; Rabbow, Elke; Rettberg, Petra; de la Torre Noetzel, Maria Rosa; Slenzka, Klaus; Ricco, Antonio J.; De Vera, Jean Pierre; Westall, Frances; European Space Agency (ESA)Space experiments are a technically challenging but a scientifically important part of astrobiology and astrochemistry research. The International Space Station (ISS) is an excellent example of a highly successful and long-lasting research platform for experiments in space, that has provided a wealth of scientific data over the last two decades. However, future space platforms present new opportunities to conduct experiments with the potential to address key topics in astrobiology and astrochemistry. In this perspective, the European Space Agency (ESA) Topical Team Astrobiology and Astrochemistry (with feedback from the wider scientific community) identifies a number of key topics and summarizes the 2021 “ESA SciSpacE Science Community White Paper” for astrobiology and astrochemistry. We highlight recommendations for the development and implementation of future experiments, discuss types of in situ measurements, experimental parameters, exposure scenarios and orbits, and identify knowledge gaps and how to advance scientific utilization of future space-exposure platforms that are either currently under development or in an advanced planning stage. In addition to the ISS, these platforms include CubeSats and SmallSats, as well as larger platforms such as the Lunar Orbital Gateway. We also provide an outlook for in situ experiments on the Moon and Mars, and welcome new possibilities to support the search for exoplanets and potential biosignatures within and beyond our solar system.Publicación Acceso Abierto Multivariate Analysis Applied to Microwave-Driven Cyanide Polymerization: A Statistical View of a Complex System(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-01-12) Pérez Fernández, Cristina; González-Toril, Elena; Mateo Marti, Eva; Ruiz-Bermejo, Marta; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)For the first time, chemometrics was applied to the recently reported microwave-driven cyanide polymerization. Fast, easy, robust, low-cost, and green-solvent processes are characteristic of these types of reactions. These economic and environmental benefits, originally inspired by the constraints imposed by plausible prebiotic synthetic conditions, have taken advantage of the development of a new generation of HCN-derived multifunctional materials. HCN-derived polymers present tunable properties by temperature and reaction time. However, the apparently random behavior observed in the evolution of cyanide polymerizations, assisted by microwave radiation over time at different temperatures, leads us to study this highly complex system using multivariate analytical tools to have a proper view of the system. Two components are sufficient to explain between 84 and 98% of the total variance in the data in all principal component analyses. In addition, two components explain more than 91% of the total variance in the data in the case of principal component analysis for categorical data. These consistent statistical results indicate that microwave-driven polymerization is a more robust process than conventional thermal syntheses but also that plausible prebiotic chemistry in alkaline subaerial environments could be more complex than in the aerial part of these systems, presenting a clear example of the “messy chemistry” approach of interest in the research about the origins of life. In addition, the methodology discussed herein could be useful for the data analysis of extraterrestrial samples and for the design of soft materials, in a feedback view between prebiotic chemistry and materials science.Publicación Acceso Abierto A dual perspective on the microwave-assisted synthesis of HCN polymers towards the chemical evolution and design of functional materials(Nature Research Journals, 2020-12-18) Hortal, Lucia; Pérez Fernández, Cristina; de la fuente, Jose Luis; Valles González, M. P.; Mateo Marti, Eva; Ruiz-Bermejo, Marta; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033; http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010687; Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737In this paper, the first study on NH4CN polymerization induced by microwave radiation is described, where a singular kinetic behaviour, especially when this reaction is conducted in the absence of air, is found. As a result, a complex conjugated N-heterocyclic polymer system is obtained, whose properties are very different, and even improved according to morphological features, characterized by their X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy analysis, with respect to those produced under conventional thermal treatment. In addition, a wide variety of relevant bioorganics have been identified, such as amino acids, nucleobases, co-factors, etc., from the synthetized NH4CN polymers. These particular families of polymers are of high interest in the fields of astrobiology and prebiotic chemistry and, more recently, in the development of smart multifunctional materials. From an astrobiological perspective, microwave-driven syntheses may simulate hydrothermal environments, which are considered ideal niches for increasing organic molecular complexity, and eventually as scenarios for an origin of life. From an industrial point of view and for potential applications, a microwave irradiation process leads to a notable decrease in the reaction times, and tune the properties of these new series macromolecular systems. The characteristics found for these materials encourage the development of further systematic research on this alternative HCN polymerization.Publicación Acceso Abierto 2-D organization of silica nanoparticles on gold surfaces: CO2 marker detection and storage(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020-08-27) Cueto Díaz, Eduardo J.; Gálvez Martínez, Santos; Torquemada, M. C.; Valles González, M. P.; Mateo Marti, Eva; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); Comunidad de Madrid; Torquemada, M. C. [0000-0002-0438-3120]; Mateo Martí, E. [0000-0003-4709-4676]; Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737A single layer of silica nanoparticles with an average size of ∼200 nm was deposited over the surface of pristine gold wafers, aided by (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane. The nanoparticle immobilization was driven by covalent bonding rather than a self-assembly process, leading to a cluster-assembled material which has CO2 sensing features. Here, we show how this device can be used for CO2 physisorption and chemisorption. We analyse the device, both spectroscopically and morphologically, before and after exposure to an atmosphere of 7 mbar of CO2, inside a planetary atmospheres and surfaces simulation chamber, (PASC) mimiking Martian atmospheric conditions. Our studies demonstrate that these clusters are suitable for CO2 detection and storage, under well controlled experimental Martian conditions. Their high sensitivity at a very low concentration of CO2, 12.4 ppm, makes them ideal candidates in the nanosensor field.Publicación Acceso Abierto Defects on a pyrite(100) surface produce chemical evolution of glycine under inert conditions: experimental and theoretical approaches(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019-10-10) Gálvez Martínez, Santos; Escamilla Roa, E.; Zorzano, María-Paz; Mateo Marti, Eva; Martín Torres, J. [0000-0001-6479-2236]; Zorzano, M. P. [0000-0002-4492-9650]; Mateo Martí, E. [0000-0003-4709-4676]; Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737The presence of non-stoichiometric sites on the pyrite(100) surface makes it a suitable substrate for driving the chemical evolution of the amino acid glycine over time, even under inert conditions. Spectroscopic molecular fingerprints prove a transition process from a zwitterionic species to an anionic species over time on the monosulfide enriched surface. By combining experimental and theoretical approaches, we propose a surface mechanism where the interaction between the amino acid species and the surface will be driven by the quenching of the surface states at Fe sites and favoured by sulfur vacancies. This study demonstrates the potential capability of pyrite to act as a surface catalyst.Publicación Acceso Abierto Constraining the preservation of organic compounds in Mars analog nontronites after exposure to acid and alkaline fluids.(Nature Research Journals, 2020-09-15) Gil Lozano, C.; Fairén, Alberto G.; Muñoz Iglesias, V.; Fernández Sampedro, M.; Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga; Gago Duport, L.; Losa Adams, E.; Carrizo, D.; Bishop, J. L.; Fornado, Teresa; Mateo Marti, Eva; European Research Council (ERC); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); European Commission (EC); 0000-0002-5536-2565; 0000-0003-1932-7591; 0000-0002-1159-9093; 0000-0003-3500-2850; 0000-0002-2278-1210; 0000-0002-2646-5995; Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737The presence of organic matter in lacustrine mudstone sediments at Gale crater was revealed by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover, which also identified smectite clay minerals. Analogue experiments on phyllosilicates formed under low temperature aqueous conditons have illustrated that these are excellent reservoirs to host organic compounds against the harsh surface conditions of Mars. Here, we evaluate whether the capacity of smectites to preserve organic compounds can be influenced by a short exposure to different diagenetic fluids. We analyzed the stability of glycine embedded within nontronite samples previously exposed to either acidic or alkaline fluids (hereafter referred to as "treated nontronites") under Mars-like surface conditions. Analyses performed using multiple techniques showed higher photodegradation of glycine in the acid-treated nontronite, triggered by decarboxylation and deamination processes. In constrast, our experiments showed that glycine molecules were preferably incorporated by ion exchange in the interlayer region of the alkali-treated nontronite, conferring them a better protection against the external conditions. Our results demonstrate that smectite previously exposed to fluids with different pH values influences how glycine is adsorbed into their interlayer regions, affecting their potential for preservation of organic compounds under contemporary Mars surface conditions.Publicación Restringido Ar+ ion bombardment dictates glycine adsorption on pyrite (1 0 0) surface: X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and DFT approach(Elsevier BV, 2020-11-15) Gálvez Martínez, Santos; Escamilla Roa, E.; Zorzano, María-Paz; Mateo Marti, Eva; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); Zorzano, M. P. [0000-0002-4492-9650]; Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu del Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737Ar+ ion sputtering on pyrite surfaces leads to the generation of sulfur vacancies and metallic iron. Our research shows that sputtering and annealing processes drive electrostatic changes on the pyrite surface, which play an important role in the molecular adsorption of glycine. While both chemical species (anion and zwitterion) adsorb on a sputtered pyrite surface, the anionic form of glycine is favoured. Nevertheless, in both treatments (sputtered or annealed surfaces), molecules evolve from zwitterionic to anionic species over time. Quantum mechanical calculations based in Density Functional Theory (DFT) suggest the energy required to generate vacancies increases with the number of vacancies produced, and the atomic charge of the Fe atoms that is next to a vacancy increases linearly with the number of vacancies. This leads to enhanced redox processes on the sputtered pyrite surface that favour the adsorption of glycine, which is confirmed experimentally by X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS). We have investigated theoretically the efficiency of the adsorption process of the zwitterionic glycine onto vacancies sites: this reaction is exothermic, i.e. is energetically favoured and its energy increases with the number of defects, confirming the increased reactivity observed experimentally. The experiments show a treatment-dependent molecular selectivity of the pyrite surface.Publicación Acceso Abierto APTES-Based Silica Nanoparticles as a Potential Modifier for the Selective Sequestration of CO2 Gas Molecules(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2021-10-10) Cueto Díaz, Eduardo J.; Valles González, M. P.; Torquemada, M. C.; Gálvez Martínez, Santos; Suárez García, Fabián; Castro Muñiz, Alberto; Mateo Marti, Eva; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)In this work, we have described the characterization of hybrid silica nanoparticles of 50 nm size, showing outstanding size homogeneity, a large surface area, and remarkable CO2 sorption/desorption capabilities. A wide battery of techniques was conducted ranging from spectroscopies such as: UV-Vis and IR, to microscopies (SEM, AFM) and CO2 sorption/desorption isotherms, thus with the purpose of the full characterization of the material. The bare SiO2 (50 nm) nanoparticles modified with 3-aminopropyl (triethoxysilane), APTES@SiO2 (50 nm), show a remarkable CO2 sequestration enhancement compared to the pristine material (0.57 vs. 0.80 mmol/g respectively at 50 °C). Furthermore, when comparing them to their 200 nm size counterparts (SiO2 (200 nm) and APTES@SiO2 (200 nm)), there is a marked CO2 capture increment as a consequence of their significantly larger micropore volume (0.25 cm3/g). Additionally, ideal absorbed solution theory (IAST) was conducted to determine the CO2/N2 selectivity at 25 and 50 °C of the four materials of study, which turned out to be >70, being in the range of performance of the most efficient microporous materials reported to date, even surpassing those based on silica.Publicación Acceso Abierto An XPS study of HCN-derived films on pyrite surfaces: a prebiotic chemistry standpoint towards the development of protective coatings(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021-06-06) Pérez Fernández, Cristina; Ruiz-Bermejo, Marta; Gálvez Martínez, Santos; Mateo Marti, Eva; Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); 0000-0002-8059-1335; 0000-0003-4709-4676; Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737Traditionally, the effect of mineral surfaces on increasing molecular complexity has been considered a major issue in studies about the origin of life. In contrast, herein, the effects of organic films derived from cyanide over an important prebiotic mineral, pyrite, are considered. An XPS spectroscopy study was carried out to understand the surface chemistry of the HCN-derived polymer/pyrite system. As a result, the simulation of a plausible prebiotic alkaline hydrothermal environment led to the identification of an NH4CN-based film with protective corrosion properties that immediately prevented the oxidation of the highly reactive pyrite surface. In addition, the effect of coating with antioxidant properties was preserved over a relatively long time, and the polymeric film was very stable under ambient conditions. These results increase the great potential of HCN polymers for development as a cheap and easily produced new class of multifunctional polymeric materials that also show promising and attractive insights into prebiotic chemistry.Publicación Restringido Ammonium affects the wet chemical network of HCN: feedback between prebiotic chemistry and materials science(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023-06-21) de la fuente, Jose Luis; Vega, Jorge; Mateo Marti, Eva; Valles González, M. P.; Ruiz-Bermejo, Marta; Pérez Fernández, Cristina; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA); Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN)Prebiotic chemistry one-pot reactions, such as HCN-derived polymerizations, have been used as stimulating starting points for the generation of new multifunctional materials due to the simplicity of the processes, use of water as solvent, and moderate thermal conditions. Slight experimental variations in this special kind of polymerization tune the final properties of the products. Thus, herein, the influence of NH4Cl on the polymerization kinetics of cyanide under hydrothermal conditions and on the macrostructures and properties of this complex system is explored. The kinetics of the process is consistent with an autocatalytic model, but important variations in the polymerization reaction are observed according to a simple empirical model based on a Hill equation. The differences in the kinetic behaviour against NH4Cl were also revealed when the structural, morphological, thermal, electronic and magnetic properties of the synthesized cyanide polymers were compared, and these properties were evaluated by elemental analysis, FTIR, XPS, UV-vis, and ESR spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, SEM and thermoanalytical techniques. As a result, this hydrothermal prebiotic polymerization is not only pH dependent, as previously thought, but also ammonium subservient. From this result, a hypothetical reaction mechanism was proposed, which involves the active participation of ammonium cations via formamidine and serves as a remarkable point against previous reports. The results discussed here expand the knowledge on HCN wet chemistry, offer an extended view of the relevant parameters during the simulation of hydrothermal scenarios and describe the production of promising paramagnetic and semiconducting materials inspired by prebiotic chemistry.
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